Grizzly Bear

〜THE GRIZZLY BEAR〜

~Ursus arctos horribilis~ 
Brady Phillips
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Description And Ecology 

The Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is a subspecies of brown bears. They weight around 400 pounds and on their hind legs can be 9 feet tall. They hibernate for 5-7 months. Being omnivores they eat both plants and animals. They have a hump on the shoulders and can be anywhere from blonde to black in color. They are occasionally mistaken for black bears.

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Geographic And Population
Grizzly Bears live in the Bitterroot Ecosystem (BE). It is in the Rocky Mountains and grizzly bears have gone away by human-mortality increases. Approximately 280 grizzly bears is the end goal of the recovery plan and could possibly be achieved in 40-50 years. The BE could handle to obtain one bear every 20 square miles at full capacity. There is no hard information or evidence on the grizzly bear in the BE. 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Listing Date And Type Of Listing
The grizzly bear was listed on September 11, 1996. They were listed as threatened species on the list and the final revision of the plan was approved. 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cause Of Listing And Threats 
They are threatened by the over use of human action. Threats can include illegal killing, self defense killings, recreation, land development, road use, etc. The main threat is human mortality ratings, with that humans are killing way more bear than that can survive in an area. Accidental killings are also a major factor including the use of roads and running them over or the mistaken identity of a black bear during recreation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Recovery Plan 
The recovery plan for the grizzly bear is a fix that can only be done if all people are willing to come together and participate. 

• 14 females with cubs are to be implemented back into the wild
• The females and cubs are monitored over six years
• The subgoal is to have human mortality at zero until the population gains to around 90 bears
• When that is achieved then the mortality rate can be 4 percent based on female with cubs ratio
• Female killings shall not exceed 30 percent
• All bear encounters are noted and compiled into a five year plan
• All duplicates are trashed 
• All human mortalities are to be reported and noted in the five year plan 
• Every company should be involved (ie. Fish and Wildlife Service), even Canada can shine light on grizzly bear recovery 
• The community and all people involved must be noted for the hope for achievement of zero to four percent human moralities
• The five year plan is then calculated and reviewed
• The amount of bears in the BE is then calculated and shared with the community and wildlife services to see if they have achieved the goal of recovery. 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------What Can You Do?
You can be aware of many things that you or your family does that can affect the grizzly bears directly or indirectly. These could be driving your car on a back road, getting oil/gas, deforestation, etc. You can also help by reporting all grizzly bear or suspected grizzly bear mortalities. By calling the local Fish and Wildlife Service you are assisting in recording and reintroducing grizzly bears into the lower 48. 
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Other Resources

Fish and Wildlife Service Website for Grizzly Bears: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A001

Recovery Site:

https://www.fws.gov/pacific/news/grizzly/grizzlybearbkgrnd.htm

Outreach Program:

http://westernwildlife.org/grizzly-bear-outreach-project/biology-behavior/

National Geographic on Grizzly Bears:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/g/grizzly-bear/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grizzly_bear

https://dingo.care2.com/pictures/causes/3210/3209282.large.jpg

https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MEDIA/stelprdb5200256.png

https://cairncarto.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/selway-bitterroot-wilderness-map-south-coverage.jpg

https://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/missoulian.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/4/d0/4d0c036a-2308-11e4-87ac-001a4bcf887a/53ebfd6aa61f4.preview.jpg

http://www.defenders.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/grizzly-bear-harry-bosen-dpc.jpg

https://thenypost.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/bear1.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&w=1200

https://www.fws.gov/endangered/species/recovery-plans.html
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